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專家問答:接近農曆新年時的常見問題 -- 生產延遲
Global SourcesUpdated on 2023/12/05
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觀眾問：
接近農曆新年時，常見有工廠生產延遲的問題，無法如期交貨，有甚麼辦法解決呢？
Mike的答案：
我想，首先你當然要知道農曆新年快到了，工廠會有生產延遲的問題，對吧？農曆新年時，人人都離開城市，回到家鄉去。就算在疫情之前，農曆新年的運輸也是一件大事。因此，大部分負責中國項目的專業買家會以開明的態度與供應商溝通，瞭解甚麼時候可以完成生產，以此計劃好幾個月的交貨時間。
如果你交易的貨品有很強的時間性，例如時裝般講究季節，那麼交貨日期需要拿捏得非常緊。可是，如果你交易的貨品是電子，產品或許不會每年都有改動，那麼你可以給予供應商多一點時間。
根據我的經驗，最有效解決農曆新年生產延遲的方法，是在合約上寫明無法如期履行交貨日期的話，雙方事先同意每天的罰款是多少。我不是與中國供應商做交易的最大買家，但大多數時候，我是最擅長預備文件和合約的人。假如迪士尼訂購10,000個毛玩偶，而我只訂購3,000個，那麼供應商很可會視大買家的訂單為最重要的事，到農曆新年時便離開工廠，放假去了。我會在他們過節前最後一分鐘收到電話或電郵，說：Mike，你知道農曆新年前後有多忙嗎？我們想先關門了，你介意我們遲一個月才運送你訂的貨品嗎？我的答覆會是這樣的：你知道我擔心的是甚麼嗎？我等待一個月才收到貨品，這沒問題，然而我想請你注意我們之間的合約，上面寫明每星期延遲交貨的話，我享有3%的折扣。我不介意有折扣，所以你不用急。結果會發生甚麼事呢？我訂購的貨品馬上在農曆新年前運送了。因此，當生產時間緊迫時，彼此之間所簽合約上的罰款協議有助供應商將你的訂單放在第一線。
環球資源的採購專家在每星期都會解答關於採購的棘手問題。你可以打開Ask the Experts page的頁面，寫下您在採購時遇到的疑難，然後提交。我們會選出最具挑戰性的問題，在Ask the Experts節目中向Mike或其他專家提出，由他們解答。
Mike來自紐約，在九十年代時去了哈爾濱和北京唸書，其後二十年分別在日本、中國和泰國定居及工作。在www.AsiaBridgeLaw.com，Mike為《財富》世界五百強及小型公司擔任中國企業高級顧問的工作。Mike曾接受《華爾街日報》、全國廣播公司商業頻道、《金融時報》和彭博的訪問，被視為中國採購的專家。
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