Three Management Methods_x000D_

During the internal training of the company, the director of the production department asked: There is an equipment maintenance worker in our department, who often violates discipline, but only he can repair some equipment. Should we punish him? In fact, many domestic enterprises will have problems like this that cause headaches for managers. In an enterprise, if there are such indispensable people, it is very dangerous for the enterprise. The magic weapon to avoid or reduce this danger is standardization.

Standardization

The so-called standardization means that there are various specifications in the enterprise, such as: procedures, regulations, rules, standards, essentials, etc., and these specifications are collectively referred to as standards (or standards). Book). Setting standards and then putting them into action is called standardization. Those who think that standardization has been completed when standards are compiled or revised are wrong. Only after guidance and training can standardization be implemented.

Innovation improvement and standardization are the two major wheels for enterprises to improve their management level. Improvement and innovation are the driving force for the continuous improvement of enterprise management, while standardization is the braking force to prevent the decline of enterprise management. Without standardization, it is impossible for enterprises to maintain a high management level.

Four purposes of standardization In factories, the so-called "manufacturing" is to produce products with uniform quality and specifications at a specified cost and specified working hours. If the operations at the manufacturing site, such as the sequence of processes, are changed at will, or if the operation methods and operating conditions are changed from person to person, it will not be possible to produce products that meet the above purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to stipulate and implement the work flow, work method and work conditions to standardize them. Standardization has the following four purposes: technical reserve, improving efficiency, preventing recurrence, and education and training.

The role of standardization is mainly to preserve the technology and experience accumulated by members of the enterprise through documents, so that the entire technology and experience will not be lost due to the flow of personnel. In this way, as much as the individual knows, the organization knows as much, that is, the personal experience (wealth) is transformed into the wealth of the enterprise. Moreover, because of standardization, even if each job is operated by different people, there will not be too much difference in efficiency and quality because of different people.

If there is no standardization, when the old employee leaves, he will take all the valuable experience of the corresponding methods and work skills that have occurred in his mind and take it away. The new employee may repeat the previous problems, even if there is a It is taught, but it is difficult to remember completely by memory. Without standardization, different masters will bring out different apprentices, and the consistency of their work results can be imagined.

The establishment of good standards requires many domestic enterprises to have one or another standard, but after careful analysis, you will find that many standards have problems such as poor operability and unclearness, for example, "requires moderate cooling water flow". What is moderate flow? Not operational. "requires careful insertion", what is "careful"? Incomprehensible. In fact, the formulation of a good standard has requirements and must meet the following six points:

1. Target orientation: The standard must be aimed at the target, that is, following the standard can always maintain the production of the same quality products. Therefore, words and content that are not related to the target should not appear.

2. Display the cause and effect: such as "Tighten the screw safely". This is a result that should describe how to tighten the screws. Another example "Weld thickness should be 3 microns", which is a result, should be described as: "Welder used 3.0A for 20 minutes to get 3.0 microns thickness".

3. Accurate: To avoid abstraction, "be careful when tightening screws". What is to be careful about? Such vague words should not appear.

4. Quantitative, specific: Everyone who reads the standard must be able to interpret the standard in the same way. To achieve this, figures and figures should be used more in the standard. For example, use a more quantitative expression, "dehydrated material using centrifuge A at 100+/-50 rpm for 5-6 minutes" instead of the expression "dehydrated material".

5. Reality: The standard must be realistic and operational. The operability of the standard is very important. Poor operability is a common problem of many domestic enterprises. We can see standards such as operating procedures and equipment maintenance on the walls of many corporate workshops. Let's compare the following two examples to get a feel for what operability is.

An example is the "Air Compressor Operating Regulations" of a domestic company: 1. The operator should be familiar with the operation guide, and should check the oil level and oil level gauge before starting the machine; 2. Check the set value and run the compressor for a few times. 3. Regularly check the readings and information on the display screen; 4. Check the discharge of condensate during loading, check the air filter, maintain the indicator, and discharge the condensate after shutdown; 5. When the pressure When it is lower or higher than the limit value in the main parameter table, the unit cannot operate.

Another example is the "Monthly Inspection Form for Equipment of XX" (the following table):

6. Revision: The standard must be revised when necessary. In good companies, work is done according to standards, so the standards must be up to date and a reflection of the correct operating conditions at the time.

There will never be a perfect standard. Revise the standard in the following cases: 1. The content is difficult, or it is difficult to perform the defined task; 2. When the quality level of the product has changed; 3. When problems are found and the steps are changed; 4. When parts or materials have changed 5. When machine tools or instruments have changed; 6. When working procedures have changed; 7. When methods, tools or machines have changed; 8. When adapting to changes in external factors (such as environmental problems); 9. , When laws and regulations (product liability laws) have changed; 10. When standards (ISO, etc.) have changed.

Standardization process Standardization is a process, we can't expect to issue a red header this month, and the various standards that meet the requirements will be completed next month. You must be patient when standardizing. Some people will think that after I write down my experience, it becomes unimportant, and the job and salary are not guaranteed. This kind of thinking is quite normal and completely understandable. Therefore, it is very important to create a good atmosphere for improvement, such as management Kanban, rationalization of the proposal system, department/company improvement presentations, improvement experts, standardization competitions, etc. Step-by-step guidance to finally complete an effective standardization process.

After 8 months of hard work, the Gansu Shandan Cement Plant under the guidance of the author has achieved great results in the standardization of on-site management work, and has become a model for on-site management in the building materials industry in Gansu Province. They proposed that the work of on-site management should be carried out in accordance with "five measures, five measures and five inspections", namely: 1. "Five measures": according to procedures, lines, standards, time, and operation instructions; 2. "Five measures" ": what to do, how to do it, when to do it, according to what line to do it, and to what extent; 3. "Five Inspections": who should check, when to check, what items to check, what the standard of the check is, and the result of the check who will implement it.

Using such requirements to standardize, evaluate and inspect each work, greatly improve the standardization level of on-site management work. Shandan Cement Plant has set up work management diagrams for each position in order to standardize on-site work, including work procedure diagrams and time series decomposition diagrams. The former includes: identifying the job responsibilities, equipment inspection lines, equipment maintenance points, and maintenance methods; or clarifying what to do in 15 minutes.

There is no limit to the improvement of management level. Although many domestic enterprises have obstacles to standardization in terms of systems, systems, and consciousness, they must show the spirit of "knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, but preferring to walk in the mountains" in order to truly make "Made in China" synonymous with high quality.

Visual management

How well the visual management is implemented largely reflects the on-site management level of an enterprise. Whether in the field or in the office, visual management can be useful. On the basis of understanding its main points and standards, extensive use of visual management will bring great benefits to the internal management of enterprises.

The so-called visual management is a management method that changes people's consciousness through vision. There are three main points in visual management: 1. No matter who is good or bad (abnormal); 2. Quick judgment and high precision; 3. Judgment results will not vary from person to person.

In our daily activities, we perceive things through the "five senses" (sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste). Among them, the most commonly used is "vision". According to statistics, 60% of human actions start from the perception of "vision". Therefore, in enterprise management, it is emphasized that various management states and management methods are clear and clear to achieve "at a glance", so that it is easy to understand and follow, so that employees can fully understand, accept and perform various tasks independently, which will bring management benefits. to great benefit.

Let's take a few simple examples: 1. Traffic lights: stop at the red light and go at the green light; 2. Water dispenser: the red switch means hot water, and the blue switch means cold water; 3. The exhaust fan is tied A small strip of cloth, you can tell the exhaust fan is running when you see the strip floating.

In today's surplus of commodities, production enterprises need to meet the needs of consumers from all aspects. As a result, enterprises have to carry out production of many varieties, small quantities and short delivery times, which leads to various on-site and existing products. Management difficulty increases. As a management method, visual management can make all employees of the enterprise reduce errors and easily carry out various management tasks.

Some domestic enterprises have made great progress in visual management. They are not only widely used at work sites, but also implemented visual management on products to bring convenience to customers. For example, there are many ports of different shapes on the computer, including round, flat, long, and square. The purpose is to prevent wrong insertion. On the computers purchased by our company some time ago, the interfaces are not only of different shapes, but also of different colors, and the plugs of each connection line are also of corresponding colors. In this way, as long as you look at the color plug, it is fast and accurate. Fast and accurate means "high efficiency and not easy to make mistakes", which is the result of visual management in many cases.

People-Oriented Working Method I once went to a beer company for guidance. When I saw more than a hundred valves of various sizes on a certain equipment, I asked the operator: "When can you write down all these valves? When is it off?" The answer was "yes". I asked again if there were any cases of staggered opening or wrong closing, and the answer was that it happened occasionally, which is correct. If someone said that it never happened, I would not believe it. The workshop director told me that new workers who come to work here will be nervous for a month when they see so many valves!

Many of our managers talk about "people-oriented", what exactly is people-oriented in the field? The same work can be done more easily and more accurately by our field operators without adding much cost. This is truly people-oriented. The same is true in terms of instruments. When a person is faced with dozens of instruments, managers cannot expect field operators to remember all what is normal and what is abnormal. Score 100 on a paper exam is not the same thing as staring at dozens of meters for eight hours a day. "People first" should never stop at the slogan.

Efficient management methods For managers, management itself may bring a sense of superiority, but it is not a pleasant thing for the managed. The management principle of "minimizing management and self-management as much as possible", which is in line with the requirements of human nature, can only be brought into full play in visual management. Implement visual management, even if the departments and all employees do not understand each other, but through visual observation, you can correctly grasp the on-site operation status of the enterprise, and judge the normal and abnormal work, which can achieve the purpose of "self-management" . A lot of unnecessary requests, orders, and inquiries are omitted, so that the management system can operate efficiently.

The way to see right and wrong at a glance Many companies' management rules and regulations are only left on the documents, but they don't know how important it is for on-site management to determine right and wrong on the spot without looking at the documents.

Visual management can be divided into 3 levels: 1. Primary level: there are indications and can understand the current state; 2. Intermediate level: anyone can judge whether it is good or not; 3. Advanced level: management methods (abnormal handling, etc.) are listed.

In many enterprises, only the primary level of visual management is usually reached, and it is rare to reach the intermediate level, and it is even rarer to reach the advanced level.

Visual management implementation method Visual management itself is not a systematic management system or method, so there are no steps that must be followed. If it is necessary to list the methods of implementation, it is advisable to set up a model area by learning more and doing more, and then fully deploy it in the company.

The implementation of visual management can be easy and then difficult, starting from the elementary level and gradually transitioning to the advanced level. It will be very beneficial to make good use of red card operations and fixed-point photography during the implementation process.

Visual management is very effective as a tool to "reveal" problems. However, using color alone, without focusing on "ease of use" on a case-by-case basis, doesn't make much sense. Therefore, giving full play to the wisdom of all staff and making efforts to make everyone "use it and use it easily" is the important part of implementing visual management.

Management Kanban

Management Kanban is a form of management visualization, that is, the status of data, intelligence, etc. is clearly displayed at a glance, mainly for the transparent management activities of management projects, especially intelligence. It reveals the hidden information on documents, in the mind or on the spot through various forms such as slogans/status boards/charts/electronic screens, so that anyone can grasp the management status and necessary information in time, so that they can quickly formulate and implement countermeasures. Therefore, management kanban is a very effective and intuitive means to find and solve problems, and it is one of the indispensable tools for excellent on-site management.

According to the different responsible supervisors, it can generally be divided into three categories: company management kanban, department workshop management kanban, and team management kanban. as shown in the table below.